You’d be a fool to think that – subs are down all over but access is massively increased and the number of accesses massively increases each year. There’s huge interest – the issue as you point out is how to monetise it.

But the ‘waste’ still contributes to revenue, at least where I work and I’m sure at a lot of other places too. Look at the Emerald issue – they were charging effectively twice for the same articles. We charge for access to content even if it’s not used. Until libraries pay according to usage, not just according to content delivered, this won’t change.