A bar chart showing the availability of gold and green OA articles by scientific discipline. The disciplines are shown by the gold ratio in descending order, rather than in alphabetical order with the following disciplines shown (in order) Medicine (13.9%), Biochemistry, Other Areas, Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Social Sciences, Chemistry, Engineering, Physics (3%). Earth Sciences has the highest percentage of Green OA journals (25.9%) followed by Physics (20.5%) to a lowest level of 4.6% in Other Areas related to Medicine.It is used as an example of quality alt-text.

Todd A Carpenter

Todd A Carpenter

Todd Carpenter is Executive Director of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). He additionally serves in a number of leadership roles of a variety of organizations, including as Chair of the ISO Technical Subcommittee on Identification & Description (ISO TC46/SC9), founding partner of the Coalition for Seamless Access, Past President of FORCE11, Treasurer of the Book Industry Study Group (BISG), and a Director of the Foundation of the Baltimore County Public Library. He also previously served as Treasurer of SSP.

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