Exploration and validation are complementary, cyclical stages of knowledge creation. Exploration generates new questions, hypotheses, conceptual frameworks, connections, and directions for inquiry, while validation systematically tests claims through evidence, methods, and replication to establish confidence within a defined scope.

Lettie Y. Conrad

Lettie Y. Conrad

Lettie Y. Conrad, Ph.D., is an independent researcher and consultant, leveraging a variety of methods to drive human-centric product strategy and evidence-based decisions. Lettie also serves as the Deputy Editor for The Scholarly Kitchen and an active volunteer with the Society for Scholarly Publishing and the Association for Information Science and Technology.

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