The words used for objects in different languages can tell us a great deal about conditions in ancient civilizations. For example, because so many disparate languages like Greek, Sanskrit, and Dutch all have similar words for “wheel”, it’s reasonable to assume that the Proto Indo European civilization, which was at the root of all those languages, had wheeled vehicles. But the reasoning goes the other way as well. Since parts of the body have always been with us, the words used for them in different languages allow us to trace the etymological changes of those languages. The video below explains the sound shifts that led from the word for head being “kaput” to “heafod” and eventually, “head”. The roots of words like “lung” and “brain” are also particularly interesting.